Table of Contents
20th Century (1900-1992) C.E.
| 1901: | Ibn Saud (Abd al-Aziz) capturesRiyad. |
| 1901: | French forces occupy Morocco. |
| 1904: | Morocco becomes a Frenchprotectorate under the Conference of Algeciras. |
| 1904: | The Presian constitution ispromoted. |
| 1905: | The beginning of the Salafiyyahmovement in Paris with it’s main sphere of influence in Egypt. |
| 1907: | The beginning of the Young Turksmovement in Turkey. |
| 1912: | The beginning of the Muhammadiyyahreform movement in Indonesia. |
| 1914: | Under Ottoman rule, secret Arabnationalist societies are formed. |
| 1914: | World War I. |
| 1916: | Arab revolt against Ottoman(Turkish) rule. Lawrence of Arabia leads attacks on the Hijaz Railway. |
| 1918: | Armistice signed with Ottomans onOctober 30. |
| 1918: | World War I ends on November 11. |
| 1918: | Syria and Damascus become a Frenchprotectorate. |
| 1921: | Abd Allah bin Husayn in made King ofTransjordan. His father was the Sharif of Mecca. |
| 1921: | Faysal bin Husayn is made King ofIraq. His father was the Sharif of Mecca. |
| 1921: | Abd al-Karim leads a revolt againstcolonial rule in Moroccan Rif, and declares the “Republic of the Rif”. |
| 1922: | Mustafa Kemal abolishes the TurkishSultanate. |
| 1924: | The Turkish Caliphate is abolished. |
| 1924: | King Abd al-Aziz conquers Mecca andMedina, which leads to the unification of the Kingdoms of Najd andHijaz. |
| 1925: | Reza Khan seizes the government inPersia and establishes the Pahlavi dynasty. |
| 1926: | Abd al-Aziz (Ibn Saud) assumes titleof King of Najd and Hijaz. |
| 1927: | Death of Zaghlul, an Egyptiannationalist leader. |
| 1928: | Turkey is declared a secular state. |
| 1928: | Hasan al-Banna founds the MuslimBrotherhood. |
| 1932: | Iraq granted independence by Leagueof Nations. |
| 1934: | War between King Abd al-Aziz andImam Yahya of the Yemen. |
| 1934: | Peace treaty of Ta’if. |
| 1934: | Asir becomes part of Saudi Arabia. |
| 1935: | Iran becomes the official name ofPersia. |
| 1936: | Increased Jewish immigrationprovokes widespread Arab-Jewish fighting in Palestine. |
| 1939: | World War II. |
| 1941: | British and Russian forces invadeIran and Reza Shah is forced to abdicate in favor of his son MohammadReza Shah in Iran. |
| 1943: | Beginning of Zionist terroristcampaign in Palestine. |
| 1945: | End of World War II. |
| 1946: | Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria aregranted independence from Britain and France. |
| 1947: | Creation of Pakistan from MuslimMajority area in India. |
| 1948: | Creation of state of Israel. Arabarmies suffer defeat in war with Israel. |
| 1949: | Hasan al-Banna, leader of the MuslimBrotherhood, is assassinated. |
| 1951: | Libya becomes independent. |
| 1952: | King Faruq of Egypt forced toabdicate. |
| 1953: | General Zahedi leads coup againstMusaddeq, Shah returns to power. |
| 1953: | Death of King Abd al-Aziz (Ibn Saud)of Saudi Arabia. |
| 1953: | The foundation stone is laid toenlarge the Prophet’s mosque in Medina. |
| 1956: | Morocco becomes independent. |
| 1956: | Tunisia becomes independent. |
| 1957: | The Bey of Tunisia is deposed, andBourguiba becomes becomes president. |
| 1957: | Enlargement of the Haram in Meccabegins. |
| 1962: | Algeria becomes independent. |
| 1962: | Death of Zaydi Imam of Yemen(Ahmad). Crown Prince Bahr succeds him and takes the title Imam MansurBi-Llah Muhammad. |
| 1965: | Malcom X is assassinated. |
| 1968: | The enlargement of the Haram inMecca is completed. |
| 1969: | King Idris of Libya is ousted by acoup led by Colonel Qadhdhafi. |
| 1973: | King Zahir Shah of Afghanistan isoverthrown. |
| 1975: | Death of Elijah Mohammad, leader ofNation of Islam among African Americans in North America. |
| 1975: | Wallace Warith Deen Mohammad assumesleadership of Nation of Islam and shifts movement toward IslamicOrthodoxy renaming it American Muslim Mission. |
| 1978: | Imam Musa Sadr is apparentlyassassinated after he disappears on a trip to Libya. He was thereligious leader of the Lebanese Twelve-Imam Shi’ites. He promoted theresurgence of Shi’ites in Lebanon and set the foundation of Amal. |
| 1979: | The Shah leaves Iran on January 15,thus bringing the Pahlavi dynasty to an end. |
| 1979: | On 1 Muharram AH 1400/21 November,the first day of the 15th Islamic century, fanatics led by students ofthe Theological University of Medina attempt to promote one of theirgroup as Mahdi and thus fulfill a certain prophetic Hadith: “A man ofthe people of Medina will go forth, fleeing to Mecca, and certain ofthe people of Mecca will come to him and will lead him forth againsthis will and swear fealty to him between the rukn (Black Stone cornerof the Kabah) and the Maqam Ibrahim.” They hold the Haram of Meccaagainst the army for two weeks. Sixty-three of the 300 fanatics arecaptured alive, the mosque is recovered, and the conspirators are allput to death. |
| 1980: | Beginning of the Iran-Iraq war. |
| 1989: | Iran-Iraq comes to an end with muchloss of life. |
| 1990: | Military annexation of Kuwait byIraq, under Ba’athist leader Saddam Hussain, is reversed in 1991 by acoalition of United States-led forces. |