Table of Contents
13th Century (1200-1299) C.E.
| 1202: | Death of the Ghurid Sultan Ghias udDin; accession of Mahmud. |
| 1204: | Shahab ud Din Ghuri defeated by theGhuzz Turks. |
| 1206: | Death of Shahab ud Din Ghuri. Qutbud Din Aibik crowned king in Lahore. |
| 1210: | Assassination of the Ghurid SultanMahmUd, accession of Sam. Death of Qutb ud Din Aibak, accession of AramShah in India. |
| 1211: | End of the Ghurid rule, theirterritories annexed by the Khawarzam Shahs. In India Aram Shahoverthrown by Iltutmish. |
| 1212: | Battle of Al Uqab in Spain, end ofthe Al Mohad rule in Spain. The Al Mohads suffer defeat by theChristians in Spain at the Al-Uqba. The Al Mohad Sultan An Nasirescapes to Morocco where he dies soon after. Accession of his son Yusufwho takes over title of Al Mustansir. |
| 1214: | In North Africa death of the AlMohad ruler Al Nasir, accession of Al Mustansir. The Banu Marin undertheir leader Abdul Haq occupy the north eastern part of Morocco. |
| 1216: | The Banu Marin under their leaderAbdul Haq occupy north eastern part of Morocco. The Al Mohads sufferdefeat by the Marinids at the battle of Nakur. The Banu Marin defeatthe Al Mobads at the battle of Nakur. |
| 1217: | The Marinids suffer defeat in thebattle fought on the banks of the Sibu river. Abdul Haq is killed andthe Marinids evacuate Morocco. In the battle of Sibu the Marinidssuffer defeat; their leader Abdul Haq is killed and they evacuateMorocco. |
| 1218: | Death of the Ayyubid ruler Al Adil,accession of Al Kamil. The Marinids return to Morocco under theirleader Othman and occupy Fez. |
| 1220: | Death of the Khawarzam Shah Ala udDin, accession of Jalal ud Din Mangbarni. |
| 1222: | Death of the Zangi ruler Nasir udDin Mahmud, power captured by Badr ud Din Lulu. |
| 1223: | Death of the Al Mohad rulerMuntasir, accession of Abdul Wahid. Death of Yusuf Al Mustansir,accession of Abdul Wahid in Morocco.. In Spain a brother of Yusufdeclares his independence and assumes the title of Al Adil. In SpainAbu Muhammad overthrows Al Adil. Al Adil escapes to Morocco andoverthrows Abdul Wahid. |
| 1224: | Death of the Al Mohad ruler AbdulWahid, accession of Abdullah Adil. |
| 1225: | Death of the Abbasid Caliph AlNasir, accession of Al Mustansir. |
| 1227: | Death of the Al Mohad ruler AbdullahAdil, accession of Mustasim. Assassination of Al Adil, accession of hisson Yahya who assumes the throne under the name of Al Mustasim. |
| 1229: | Death of the Al Mohad rulerMustasim, accession of Idris. The Ayyubid Al Kamil restores Jerusalemto the Christians. Abu Muhammad dies in Spain and is succeeded by AlMamun. Al Mamun invades Morocco with Christian help. Yahya is defeatedand power is captured by Al Mamun. He denies the Mahdiship of IbnTumarat. |
| 1230: | End of the Khawarzam Shah rule. |
| 1232: | Death of the Al Mohad ruler Idris,accession, of Abdul Wahid II. Assassination of Al Mamun; accession ofhis son Ar-Rashid. |
| 1234: | Death of the Ayyubid ruler Al Kamil,accession of Al Adil. |
| 1236: | Death of Delhi Sultan Iltutmish.Accession of Rukn ud Din Feroz Shah. |
| 1237: | Accession of Razia Sultana as DelhiSultan. |
| 1240: | Death of Ar-Rashid; accession of hisson Abu Said. |
| 1241: | Death of Razia Sultana, accession ofBahram Shah. |
| 1242: | Death of Bahram Shah, accession ofAla ud Din Masud Shah as Delhi Sultan. Death of the Al Mohad rulesAbdul Wahid, accession of Abu Hasan. Death of the Abbasid CaliphMustansir, accession of Mustasim. |
| 1243: | Death of the Al Mohad ruler AbdulWalid II, accession of |
| 1244: | The Al Mohads defeat the Marinids atthe battle of Abu Bayash. The Marinids evacuate Morocco. |
| 1245: | The Muslims reconquer Jerusalem. |
| 1246: | Death of the Delhi Sultan Ala ud DinMasud Shah, accession of Nasir ud Din Mahmud Shah. |
| 1248: | Death of the Al Mohad ruler AbulHasan, accession of Omar Murtaza. Abu Said attacks Tlemsen, but isambushed and killed; accession of his son Murtada. |
| 1250: | The Marinids return to Morocco, andoccupy a greatar part thereof. |
| 1258: | The Mongols sack Baghdad. Death ofthe Abbasid Caliph Mustasim. End of the Abbasid rule. Fall of Baghdad,end of the Abbasid caliphate. The Mongol II-Khans under Halakuestablish their rule in Iran and Iraq with the capital at Maragah.Berek Khan the Muslim chief of the Golden Horde protests against thetreatment meted out to the Abbasid Caliph and withdraw his Contingentfrom Baghdad. |
| 1259: | Abu Abdullah the Hafsid rulerdeclares himself as the Caliph and assumes the name of Al Mustamir. |
| 1260: | Battle of Ayn Jalut in Syria. TheMongols are defeated by the Mamluks of Egypt, and the spell of theinvincibility of the Mongols is broken. Baybars becomes the MamlukSultan. |
| 1262: | Death of Bahauddin Zikriya in Multanwho is credited with the introduction of the Suhrawardi Sufi order inthe IndoPakistan sub-continent. |
| 1265: | Death of Halaku. Death of FariduddinGanj Shakkar the Chishti saint of the Indo-Pakistan sub-continent. |
| 1266: | Death of Berek Khan the first rulerof the Golden Horde to be converted to Islam. The eighth crusade. Thecrusaders invade Tunisia. Failure of the crusade. |
| 1267: | Malik ul Salih establishes the firstMuslim state of Samudra Pasai in Indonesia. Murtada seeks the help ofthe Christians, and the Spaniards invade Morocco. The Marinids driveaway the Spaniards from Morocco. Assassination of Murtada; accession ofAbu Dabbas. |
| 1269: | Abu Dabbas is overthrown by theMarinida, End of the Al Mohads. End of the rule of the Al Mohads inMorocco, the Marinids come to power in Morocco under Abu Yaqub. |
| 1270: | Death of Mansa Wali the founder ofthe Muslim rule in M ali. |
| 1272: | Death of Muhammad I the founder ofthe state of Granada. Yaghmurason invades Morocco but meets a reverseat the battle |
| 1273: | Death of Jalaluddin Rumi. |
| 1274: | Death of Nasiruddin Tusi. TheMarinids wrest Sijilmasa from the Zayenids. Ninth crusade under EdwardI of England. The crusade ends in fiasco and Edward returns to England. |
| 1277: | Death of Baybars. |
| 1280: | Battle of Hims. |
| 1283: | Death of Yaghmurasan. Accession ofhis son Othman. |
| 1285: | Tunisis splits in Tunis and Bougie. |
| 1286: | Death of Ghiasuddin Balban. Death ofAbu Yusuf Yaqub. Bughra Khan declares his independence in Bengal underthe name of Nasiruddin. |
| 1290: | End of the slave dynasty JalaluddinKhilji comes into power. Othman embarks on a career of conquest and by1290 C.E. most of the Central Maghreb is conquered by the Zayanids. |
| 1291: | Saadi. |
| 1296: | Alauddin Ghazan converted to Islam. |
| 1299: | Mongols invade Syria. The Marinidsbesiege Tlemsen the capital of the Zayanids. |